Deyma · Decontamination and environment
Turners
Turning machines for aerobic compost fermentation
Presentation
The crawler compost turner adopts hydraulic drive system as the driving source. They are state-of-the-art self-propelled turning machines for the microbial aerobic fermentation of manure from cows, horses, goats, sheep, camels, poultry or other products. Use rotating paddles or flails to agitate materials, break up clumps of particles, and maintain porosity.
This fermentation and composting machine with rubber track wheels to improve vehicle traction adopts the ground pile fermentation mode. For the use of this machine it is necessary to make piles of the fertilizing material. You can work both outdoors and indoors. Then, it is stirred and crushed at regular intervals with the rotating part. Therefore, the decomposition of organic matter is under aerobic conditions.
During the fermentation process, humidity reduction, total elimination of microorganisms and chemical products, odors, row widths can be from 2.4 meters to 3 meters and production capacities are from 600 m3 hour to 1500 m3 hour. The rotating clutch of this machine employs the soft start device. In other words, this design protects the chain, bearing and shaft from damage when starting or stopping the machine.
During operation, the entire body of the spreader is mounted on a long row of pre-fertilized base and automatically stacked after unloading. When the temperature of the fertilizer reaches 60ºC, the rotating blade under the frame of the machine starts to rotate, loosen and move the piled fertilizer to create a good fermentation condition in the middle of turning.
With the help of this machine, quality composted fertilizer materials can be obtained in 10-15 days. Its use shortens the traditional fermentation cycle from 4 to 6 months, reducing humidity, temperature and the emission of gases into the atmosphere.
Its no-load speed is 50 meters per minute. While flipping materials is 6 to 10 meters per minute. The speed of rotation of the roller in the working part can reach 2400 rpm. It has high efficiency and can turn over wet or sticky materials as well as rotate 360º on site. The lifting device of the turner is hydraulic and the transmission is coupling which can transmit a higher torque. The power supply can be divided into two parts, one part is supplied by diesel engines, and the other part is supplied by hydraulic pump.
They have strong traction and are well designed to climb slopes and cross terrain, being able to walk on sticky, humid and sandy soils, which is why they are widely used in agricultural and livestock fields.
The main part of the work is to rotate and throw the drum which is composed of two parts, one is the reverse spiral at both ends of the drum, the other is the straight segment rotating teeth in the middle of the drum. When you flip the raw materials, the spiral part of the rotating roller concentrates the materials in the middle and flips them to the back. Through this spiral you can completely mix the material of the upper layer with that of the lower layer. The materials removed by the tumbler can meet the requirements of oxygen, humidity and ventilation during fermentation.
The machines have air conditioning and water spray to control humidity
Technical Characteristics
Models | FD2400 | FD2600 | FD3000 |
|---|---|---|---|
Engines | Diesel | Diesel | Diesel |
Swath width | 2.4 m | 2.6 m | 3.0 m |
High row | 0.6 – 1.0 m | 1.0 – 1.3 m | 1.3 – 1.5 m |
Row distance | 0.8 – 1.0 m | 0.8 – 1.0 m | 0.8 – 1.0 m |
Diameter max. mother. | 250 mm | 250 mm | 250 mm |
Engine power | 63 kw (85 hp) | 85 kw (116 hp) | 115 kw (156 hp) |
Speed max. rotac. | 2400 rev. minute | 2400 rev. minute | 2400 rev. minute |
Power speed nominate. | 2400 rev. minute | 2400 rev. minute | 2400 rev. minute |
Work speed | 7 – 25 m/minute | 7 – 25 m/minute | 7 – 25 m/minute |
Movement speed | 50 m/min. 6 gears y 1 reverse | 50 m/min. 6 gears y 1 reverse | 50 m/min. 6 gears y 1 reverse |
Blade diameter | 500 mm | 750 mm | 910 mm |
Production capacity | 600 – 800 m3/hour | 1000 – 1200 m3/hour | 1200 – 1500 m3/hour |
Overall diameter | 2500 * 3500 * 2800 mm | 2700 * 4000 * 3200 mm | 2750 * 4500 * 3300 mm |
Weight | 3000 kg | 4000 kg | 4850 kg |
Manure Composting
Cow manure from intensive dairy farms is an excellent biomass fuel resource but also has many mineral elements and abundant nutritive substances such as compost. The separated cow dung has a fine texture and water content. From the perspective of nutrient content, mineral elements and nutritive substances, cow manure is lower than that of other animals. It belongs to the slow-acting fertilizers that also need an aerobic fermentation turner.
The row composting that we propose with our machines is the most profitable alternative to manage cow manure. The equipment and its efficient process turn cow manure into valuable compost in just a few days, while eliminating bacteria, barn cleaning chemicals, preventing and moderating environmental contamination.
The traditional static pile is weak, and the decomposition time is long (4-6 months), or longer if it is at a low temperature, and the fermentation effect of composting is bad. There is a large space occupation and serious contamination of the environment due to prolonged stacking. Naturally composted fermentation manures are rotten and wet making them difficult to transfer and apply directly.
The quality and efficiency of composting are directly affected by the water content of the materials whose main function is to dissolve organic matter, participate in the metabolism of microorganisms, and adjust the composting temperature.
In general, just controlling the initial water content to 50-60% can ensure that composting progresses normally. When it is less than forty percent, the metabolism of microorganisms is prevented, causing aerobic composting to become anaerobic composting.
When it is less than 15%, the metabolism activity of bacteria will stop universally, while when the humidity is too high (more than 70%), the materials have low void ratio and airlessness, which is adverse for the growth of aerobic microorganisms and produces stale gases. Usually, the water content of cow dung is 75% to 80%
Carbon nitrogen relation
It refers to the specific value between all the carbon and all the nitrogen of the composting feedstocks. During the composting process, the carbon source is the microbial application energy source, while the nitrogen source is its nutritive substance. The proper C/N in the cattle manure composting process is 20-30:1 (30:1 is ideal).
pH value
Generally speaking, for composting, the most appropriate pH value is neutral or alkalizing because too high or too low would make the compost difficult to process.
Ventilation
The main function of ventilation is to provide the oxygen necessary for the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, to eliminate redundant water content in the storage pile, to adjust the temperature, and to reduce malodor by controlling the demand for air. Research has shown that only 10% oxygen content can ensure the need for metabolism of microorganisms.
Fermentation temperature
One of the crucial conditions for normal fermentation composting is the temperature that must be properly controlled and maintained. The different types of growth of microorganisms recommend different temperatures, for example, the most suitable temperature for mesophilic bacteria is 30º to 40º C, and that of thermophilic bacteria is 45º to 60º C, while for compost at high temperature , should be controlled at 55º to 65º C.
If it is too high, from 75º to 80º C it consumes excess organic matter, decreasing the quality of the compost product. It has been tested that the composting temperature is at least 55ºC and lasts more than 5 days to kill the coli bacillus, pathogenic bacteria and chemicals.